Commonly used commands and options are listed and you should aware the following formats:

   Bold               indicates what you type in terminal

   Italic               indicates what you supply

To display a command description from the Unix manual:

   man command

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Managing Directories

    pwd                    display the present working directory

    cd dir                 changing work directory to dir

    cd                       changing to your home directory

    mkdir                 create directory called dir

    rmdir                  remove directory called dir

Directories Abreviations

    ~                         home directory

    .                          current working directory

    ..                         parent directory (one level up)

Managing Files

    ls                        list contents of working directory

    ls dir                   list contents of the directory dir

    ls file                  list file if it exits in working directory

    ls -l                     list more information on director contents

    ls -a                    list all files including the hidden files

    lp file                  print file

    lpstat                 display printer status

    cp file1 file2       copy file1 to file2

    cp file1 file2       copy file1 to directory dir

    mv file1 file2      move (rename)  file1 to file2

    mv file1 file2      move file1 to directory dir

    rm file                 remove file

    rm -i  file            ask for confirmation before removing  file

    cat  file               display contents of file

    more file             display ocntents of file, one screen at a time

    chmod code file  change permission status for a file

    chmod code dir   change permission status for a dir

    chown owner file change owner of a file

    chgrp group file  change group of a file

    spell  file              checking spelling in a  file

Managing Jobs

    jobs                    list your jobs by job number

    job &                 start your job in the background

    bg job                 bring job to background

    fg job                  bring job to foreground

    < ctrl-c >            stop current job

    < ctrl-z >            stop current job

System Information

    who                    list users logged onto the system

    who am i            display your login ID

    finger user         display information on user      

    passwd               change password

    date                    display current date and time information

    df -k                   display the disk informatin    

    du                       summaize the disk usage

     h                        display a list of your most recent commands     

Utilities

    sort file               sort file

    grep pattern file find lines in a file matching a character pattern

    wc  file                count lines, words & characters in  file 

    uniq  file1 file2   delete the repeated lines in  file1

                               and write new version to file2

    diff  file1 file2     compare two files and diplay the differences

    head  -n file        display first n lines of  file

    tail -n file            display last n lines of  file

    alias name command

                               create a temporary name for a Unix command

    unalias name      remove an alias

Special Characters

    *                          match any character

    <                          redirect standard input

    >                          redirect standard output

    >>                        append output to exitsting file

    |                            send output of first command to input of second command

    &                          put job in background